Italy

The Italian Republic is a republic located in Southern Europe with its capital in Rome. It borders Switzerland, Austria, France, and Slovenia to the north, shares maritime borders with various countries across the Mediterranean Sea, and possesses the geographical feature of enclaving Vatican City State and the Republic of San Marino within its territory. It occupies a key position in Europe and the Mediterranean region, with a solid foundation as an advanced economy.

As of 2025, Italy's total population stands at approximately 58,915,656 people (down 0.1% year-on-year). In terms of economic scale, nominal GDP (in US dollars) reached approximately $2,551,556,950,000 (up 7.1% year-on-year), and nominal GDP per capita recorded $43,308.6 (up 7.1% year-on-year). On the other hand, the real GDP growth rate, which reflects growth on a real basis, remained at 0.5% (-0.2 pt difference from the previous year), and the real GDP per capita growth rate remained at 0.6% (-0.2 pt difference from the previous year), indicating that real economic expansion has decelerated to a moderate pace.

Looking at other major indicators, the consumer price inflation rate in 2025 stood at a stable level of 1.5% (0.5 pt difference from the previous year), and the unemployment rate was 6.4% (-0.1 pt difference from the previous year). In external economic relations, trade (% of GDP) was 62.5% (-0.1 pt difference from the previous year), and the current account balance (% of GDP) maintained a surplus at 1.1% (0.05 pt difference from the previous year). Meanwhile, the real interest rate recorded -1.3% (-0.1 pt difference from the previous year) as of 2023, and government debt (% of GDP) remains unpublished.